Title: CQF Final Projects of the January ’23 Cohort Introduction The world of finance is a dynamic and rapidly changing landscape that requires professionals not only a deep understanding of traditional financial principles but also the ability to apply advanced quantitative techniques. The Certificate in Quantitative Finance (CQF) program is renowned for its rigorous curriculum and hands-on methodology to equipping individuals with the skills needed to excel in this demanding field. As the January 23 cohort completes their CQF journey, their CQF final projects demonstrate their knowledge, innovation, and commitment for enlarging the boundaries of quantitative finance.
Dive into the last projects of CQF The CQF final projects culminate months of in-depth learning and exploration. Using advanced quantitative tools, participants are tasked with writing comprehensive dissertations that address complex financial challenges. These CQF final projects cover various topics, from risk management and pricing of derivatives to machine learning applications and algorithmic trading. The program provides participants the expertise and resources to dig deeper into these complex topics and derive actionable insights.
Innovative applications of machine learning The January 23 cohort has shown a keen interest in harnessing the power of machine learning in the financial sector. Some CQF final projects have used machine learning algorithms to improve portfolio optimization and risk assessment. Participants demonstrated how these techniques can lead to more informed investment decisions by analysing large data sets and identifying patterns. This intersection of finance and technology exemplifies the forward- thinking philosophy of the CQF program.
Navigating the dynamics of cryptocurrencies Cryptocurrencies have revolutionised the financial world, presenting new challenges and opportunities. The CQF final projects dug deep into the complex area of crypto valuation, risk analysis, and trading strategies. Leveraging the program’s comprehensive curriculum, participants applied quantitative methods to decipher the volatile nature of cryptocurrencies, shedding light on this emerging asset class.
Advanced derivatives pricing and risk management Derivatives play a central role in modern finance, and the CQF final projects reveal a profound understanding of their intricacies. Participants sharpen their volatility modelling skills, refining options pricing models to better capture market dynamics. These theses demonstrate mastery of mathematical frameworks and practical application of these models to real-world financial situations, emphasizing the program’s emphasis on northerly theory demand and practice.
Sustainable finance and ESG integration
As environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors become prominent in investment decisions, CQF Final Projects of the January ’23 cohort explored how quantitative techniques can be leveraged to combine sustainability considerations. The CQF final projects presented
innovative ways to integrate ESG measures into portfolio construction, improve risk assessment, and align investment strategies with ethical values. This focus on responsible investing reflects the CQF program’s commitment to equipping participants with global financial literacy.
Legacy of the January 23 cohort The CQF Final Projects of the January ’23 cohort demonstrate the program’s excellence in developing expertise in quantitative finance. These arguments illustrate the participants’ dedication, analytical sense, and innovative thinking. The cohort has demonstrated a willingness to contribute to the ever-changing financial landscape by delvering into different topics and addressing contemporary economic challenges.
Conclusion The CQF final projects from January 23 highlight the competence and potential of the experts from this famous program. As the world of finance continues to evolve, these theses emphasise the critical role quantitative skills and innovative thinking play in shaping its trajectory. With a commitment to connecting theory and practice, the CQF program is at the forefront of equipping individuals with the tools they need to thrive in this dynamic industry. The legacy of the January 23 team will inspire future participants to push the boundaries of quantitative finance and continue the tradition of excellence.
Keyword: CQF final projects, January ’23 cohort, CQF, finance, quantitative techniques, quantitative finance expertise, machine learning applications
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Title: Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology: Revolutionizing the Financial Landscape Introduction: Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology have emerged as significant disruptors to the financial industry, revolutionizing how we transact and store value. This article examines the considerable impact of cryptocurrencies and their underlying blockchain technology, highlighting their potential to transform the financial landscape. This article is not a dissertation, dissertation, or research paper but provides an overview of the topic using the keywords mentioned. Understanding Cryptocurrencies: Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Ripple have received much attention due to their decentralized nature and the security and privacy they offer (Smith, 2019). Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies use cryptography to secure transactions and control the creation of new entities. Cryptocurrencies operate on a decentralized blockchain network, providing a transparent and immutable ledger of all transactions (Nakamoto, 2008). Innovative blockchain technology: Blockchain technology is the foundation of cryptocurrencies, enabling secure and transparent transactions (Buterin, 2013). It is a distributed ledger that organizes transactions into blocks and adds them to the chain chronologically (Antonopoulos, 2014). This decentralized approach eliminates the need for intermediaries such as banks, enabling faster and cheaper transactions (Tapscott & Tapscott, 2016). Application: The potential applications of blockchain technology go beyond finance. Dissertations, dissertations, and research papers explore its scalability, implications for financial markets, and potential in non-financial areas such as supply chain management and healthcare (Jones, 2020). The ability to create secure and transparent systems has the potential to transform various industries, increasing efficiency and trust (Swan, 2015). Cryptocurrencies as fixed assets: Virtual currency is also attracting attention as an investment asset. However, it is essential to consider their inherent volatility and associated risks (Sornette, 2017). Thorough research and analysis are required to tackle the complexity of this emerging market. Several research papers have explored the behavior of cryptocurrencies as investment assets (Smith, 2019). Conclusion: Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are revolutionizing the traditional financial system, providing a secure, transparent, decentralized alternative for transactions and value storage. This article is not a dissertation, dissertation, or research paper but provides an overview of the topic using the keywords mentioned. As researchers continue to explore the possibilities and challenges of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, keeping a close eye on their impact and progress is essential. The transformative power of these innovations bodes well for the future of finance and beyond. Key Words: Cryptocurrency, Blockchain technology, Dissertation, Thesis, Research paper, Decentralization, Financial markets References: Antonopoulos, A. M. (2014). Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies. O’Reilly Media. Buterin, V. (2013). Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform. White Paper.
Classification: Public
Jones, R. (2020). Blockchain and the Supply Chain: Concepts, Strategies, and Practical Applications. Routledge. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. White Paper. Smith, J. (2019). Cryptocurrency: The Future of Money? Routledge.
Introduction The benefits of the utilization of the construction contracts include, the requirements of the agreement while performing home building, the contract paper preserves the rights of the contractor or builders, superintendent, principles and the other involved parties. In accordance with the Crown Build project case study, the building construction is located in the NSW area and it is going to be a four storey building with the fixed amount of AUD28 million and within a fixed timeline as mentioned in the contractual document of this building project and the contract has been signed under AS4000-1997 regulation. But in the middle of the project development, it has been detected that the beam size is incorrect and the contractor has provided notice to the principal and superintendent of the project. The superintendent has corrected the drawing with correct beam size and instructed to eradicate the implemented wrong beams. Now gradually the quantity of the handrails has increased with labour const and delivery delay. Now, the contractor can apply for different progress claims under different clauses. Task 1 The Australian building industry mainly follows the laws and regulations of ABIC or Australian Building Industry contracts, HIA or housing Industry of Australia and the government contracts. Each of the construction projects in Australia follows jurisdictions of Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 (NSW), Home Building Act 1989 that mainly focuses on the building activities of the NSW Area. For the residential building construction in the NSW area under Schedule 1 of Home Building ACT 1989 refers that the roof plumbing and Specialist work will be done in relation with dwelling. Governing law Clauses refers to the transactions between the parties that are mainly operated in the territories and the states and the parties generally maintain and follow the legislation attributes of Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) and the payment security legislation (Wang and Burdon, 2021). According to the considered mandatory of the general guidelines of the construction projects, the scope, timeline and the allocation of roles and responsibilities will be mentioned (Appendix 3) The payment schedule along with the provisional sum and the contract sum will be written and also the dispute resolution, relief damage, limitation clauses and available reliefs are also mentioned in the construction contracts. The general principles of the construction contracts uses different objectives such as the type of work
4 (commercial, design, residential), size and value of the contract, legislative requirements for state and the mention of the parties who are administering the contract paper such as architect, contractor, superintendent and the principles. In accordance with the Australian Standards (AS) there are different general conditions that are prepared by Standards Australian Committee. The general principles of construction contract laws are described here-AS 4000-1997: This contract is signed for the construction delivery purpose and is known as “general conditions of a contract”. AS 4901-1998: it is mainly as a sub-contract and it is used with the AS4000 principles. AS 4902-2000: this is mainly built for the construction delivery and design purpose and it is a variant of AS4000. AS4905-2002 is signed for the minor contract conditions and it is administered by the Superintendent. Thus, it is clear that the selection of the contract depends on the different circumstances but there is some general reflection- The amendments or the body of the contract, instruments of the contract or agreement that are written formally, and the annexure parts. Some basic features of AS4000 are- the contractor of a construction project is required to m\execute the completion of the construction project within a fixed timeline and at a lump sum price. It is important to sign the agreement with the clearly mentioned date of completion of the construction contracts, if the extension of time is required, and the contractor will have to provide a ‘qualifying cause of delay’ (Swift, 2019). The case study deals with the construction project of Crown build that is facing structural difficulties due to the proposed wrong beam size and this dispute can be resolved by the AS4000-1997 contractual agreement with the proper utilization of the clauses. The advantages of using the standards forms of the Australian contracts are- it can reduce the total cost, the scope of negotiation can be avoided with the signing of document and thus influences the speediness of the process, However, in the agreement, the rights of the both of the parties, the proper mentioning of the conditions of the contract, expected date of project completion, the date of work commencement and the other terms and conditions related to the construction project are clearly mentioned in the construction contracts. The benefits of the utilization of the construction contracts include, the requirements of the agreement while performing home building, the contract paper preserves the rights of the contractor or builders, superintendent, principles and the other involved parties. The construction contracts help to lay out the planning and conditions of the owner very clearly. It also ensures that the owner of the building and the contractor are performing together in order to achieve a
5 common target, The clear guidelines of the contracts helps to perform a better construction performance and the associate legislations add value to the protection of the builders and traders (Jones, 2021). In addition to that the changes can be possible if there is any evidential defect or damage or complaint occurs during the process.
Task 2 According to the case study of the Crown Build, the construction of the four storey building under Crown Build developer is facing structural deficiencies as the superintendent of the project has proposed wrong size of beams in the design paper. This issue has been resolved as the contractor has informed the superintendent and the superintendent has issued a new design with the correct size of the beams. Moreover, the superintendent has informed us to remove the used beams and replace them with the correct beams (Appendix 2). Now this situation has increased the amount of the stair handrails and thus it is enhancing the cost and the time period. In this case, the contractor will apply for the provision of the compensation rate from the superintendent as the dispute occurs due to the provision of incorrect information by the Superintendent. This is a communication problem in the construction management project. The construction project of the Crown Build has been made according to the law of AS 4000- 1997 thus it includes a fixed timeframe and fixed allocated cost. For the Crown Build project the time frame is 24 months and the allocated cost is AUD 28 million. But as the changes have been done in the building design along with the beam sizes, there is a qualifying cause of extension of the time period. Thus the contractor can apply for the delay delivery of the project and delay cost under the AS4000-1997 legislations (EL GEZERY, 2018). The contractor can apply for the EOT or the delay cost under AS4000 policy as the issue has been caused by the omission of the Superintendent. In this regard, the qualifying cause of delay compensable cause, 8.1 can be claimed for achieving the incurred cost due to the quantity enhancement of the stair handrails, labour cost and beam removal cost. Under clause number 25.3, the delay cost of the construction of Crown Build project involves the labour cost. In addition to that the clause number 11.2 is also applicable in this regard as the changes have been made and thus the costing structure is changing. The constructor can use the clause in order to include the additional expenses with the lump sum cost of the project. EOT can be applied in this case as there is a qualifying cause of delay as the mistake
6 has been done by the superintendent and the contractor can apply for achieving a relief. It cannot be ignored that the principal of the project has also omitted the mistake made by the superintendent in the beam size (Rıgga, 2019). In accordance with 34.2 clause number, the contractor of Crown build has already sent a notice to the superintendent and the principal to apply for EOT. This EOC will be received within 28 days after the claim has been done and the delay cost has a qualifying cause of delay under clause number Qualifying cause of delay, CC, 8.1. Task 3 According to the policies of AS4000, the contractor of Crown Build can claim for the expansion of the time frame in order to carry out WUC and the contractor needs to prepare a qualifying cause of delay statement with evidential attributes. There are fundamentally two types of qualifying cause of delay- i) it is applicable when any omission or mistake is made by the superintendent of a building construction project and ii) it is applicable when the mistake or default is made by the contractor of a building construction project or due to industrial and weather conditions (Van Der Westhuizen and Evans, 2019). In the case of the Crown Build project, the mistake has been performed by the superintendent of the building construction as in the initial design the superintendent has proposed an incorrect beam size which is shorter than the required beams. The Item number 23 can identify another factor about the qualifying cause of delay as it measures if the EOT is not grantable in this situation. After that the extension delay will be transformed into the calendar and the business days. Under clause number 34.2, the contractor will be liable to submit the delay notice and in this case the contractor of Crown Build has to submit proper documentation with the evidence of the beam fault to the superintendent of the building project and the principal (RUGINĂ, 2021). This documentation will include the cause of delay and the estimated delivery date of the project. In this regard it can be considered that claiming of EOC notice and delay notice are different notices issued by the contractor. The provision of EOC notice comes under clause number 34.2 and the delay notice provision comes under clause number 34.3. In accordance with the regulation of clause number 34.3, the contractor of Crown Build has to provide evidence regarding the fault in the beam size, responsible person and the extended timeline in the notice of the EOT. The process of claiming for EOT under AS4000 includes the submission and accessing of notice of delay with the evidences for ‘qualifying cause of delay’ under the clause number
7 34.2, provision of delay notice, EOT claiming notice under the clause number 34.3, delay damage claim as stated in the clause number 34.9 and 41.1 and the final assessment under the clause number 34.4 (Appendix 1). The dispute in the construction building project will come under 42.1 and the progress claim will be done as an activity of the payment security policy according to clause number 37.1 (Montalbán-Domingo et al. 2019). However, demonstration of the delay will be properly reported in the EOC notice. In accordance with the policies, the superintendent of the Crown Build project has taken mitigation steps in order to resolve the issue of the incorrect beam size. For taking effective steps, the superintendent has designed a new building drawing with correct beam size and instructed to remove the wrong beams that are already implemented in the building. However, clause number 34.9 is identifying the compensable cause under AS4000-1997. Due to the omission and the defaulted act of the superintendent, the clause number 1.1 stated that it is a subject of compensable cause. The item number 26 (Annexure Part A) can detect the other qualifying causes of damage delay and it also can be ‘Nil’ but the ‘Nil ‘refers that there is no additional cost found in the case. The quantum inclusion and the basics of claim need to be considered while preparing the notice for the damage delay claims. The contractor has to submit and keep updating the prepared claim as evidencing aspects for the delay. The clause number 34.4 includes both the non-qualifying and qualifying delay causes in the cases of the overlapped situation. In this case, it can be considered the prevention steps will be evaluated by the contractor to measure if the objectives are affecting his attributes or not. Moreover, according to clause number 42.1, the contractor can also provide a dispute notice if he found any disagreement with the proposal of the superintendent’s instruction (Adzoyi and Nani, 2021). The contractor can also involve incurred cost that has been increased due to the replacement of the shorter size beams, labour cost and the increased quantity of the handrails. These inclusions of the cost will be done under clause number 36.2. Task 4 There are fundamentally two reasons for claiming cost. Firstly, the incorrect beam size has extended the delivery date of the building construction and on the other hand the labour cost associated with the extension of the project and the removal and implementation of the newly proposed correct beams. These types of costs are regarded as the “global cost claim”. In this
8 regard the superintendent will be considered as a liable person to provide the compensation cost to the constructor or the builder. The clause number 36.2 indicates that the incurred cost structure can be claimed by Crown Build as the variation has occurred in the contractual cost structure. The cost claim will be made as the superintendent has made a mistake in the building drawing with incorrect beam size. In order to respond to the cost variation, the contractor will provide the incurred cost quotation and this quotation needs to be verified and sanctified by the superintendent as a sign of approval. This cost structure will include the additional cost of the raw materials, labour cost and the extension period cost. It will be called ‘cost plus agreement’. In accordance with the policies, the superintendent of the Crown Build project has taken mitigation steps in order to resolve the issue of the incorrect beam size. For taking effective steps, the superintendent has designed a new building drawing with correct beam size and instructed to remove the wrong beams that are already implemented in the building. However, clause number 34.9 is identifying the compensable cause under AS4000-1997 (Klee, 2018). Due to the omission and the defaulted act of thesuperintendent, the clause number 1.1 stated that it is a subject of compensable cause. According to clause 26, the expense claim will involve the additional cost with the lump sum cost in the contract. In addition to that the clause number 25.6 will be applicable as it indicates the delay labour cost that is a delay damage expense. The clause number 11.2 needs to be applied as there is a verified costing structure in the construction of the Crown build project. The clause number 26 will also include the additional costs with the main costing structure. Now the additional cost includes the labour cost, implemented beam removal cost, extension cost and the quantity increment cost of the handrails (Hastie, Sutrisna and Egbu, 2017). The value of the raw materials will be added in the additional cost structure according to the law of AS4000. Conclusion As the Crown Build project has been signed under the law AS 4000-1997, the financial and delay dispute will come under different clauses. The provision of EOC notice comes under clause number 34.2 and the delay notice provision comes under clause number 34.3. In addition to that the clause number 25.6 will be applicable as it indicates the delay labour cost that is a delay damage expense. Under clause number 25.3, the delay cost of the construction of Crown Build project involves the labour cost. In addition to that the clause number 11.2 is also applicable in this regard as the changes have been made in the cost structure.
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