Agenda:-     1)  Introduction

2)    Credit  Management                                                                                                       3) Assets Repossessions & disposals

4)Mortgages

5)   Legal  Implications

6) Aging Analysis

7)  Follow-up Report

8)   Agency Management

9) Review

10) Debtors Planning & Actions Taken

11)  Conclusions

Introduction & Credit Management

• Credit Evaluation which includes credit worthiness of customers for Retail Assets as well as Corporate.

• Documents required for checking:-For Corporate-Profit & Loss & Balance Sheet analysis, Ratio Analysis, References check with Bankers, past track record in the market, feedback checking etc. Working capital requirement forecast. For Individual -Retail customers ,the following documents required: any property document like LIC Policy, Any assets ownership ,Bank Statement past six months, Repayment track record if any loan taken from any other financial institutions, Electricity Bill or telephone Bills, Property tax if it is agricultural base then Extact-7 form required. If it is rented house, then rental agreement along with guarantors.

• Customers should be divided into four categories namely No.1) Good customers. No.2) Bad customers No.3) Doubtful customers No.4) Slightly Risky customers.

• Exchange of Information through Industry wise Credit Negative Bureau for defaulter customers. Either sharing information from other financial institutions.

• Issuance of Public Notice in the Local newspaper for defaulter customers.

• 138 should be implemented for cheque bouncing.

• Assets Repossessions & Disposals & Mortgages

  • Customers which is more than 3 instalments Outstanding then his Assets is
  • Seized by the Banks or financial institutions by issuance seizing letter to the
  • Agency for Seizing. Then seizure of the Products made.
  • After seizing the Products,it is disposed off after issueing proper notice to the customers.
  • If the customers has got agricultural lands huge in his name, although he is
  • A big defaulter of the bank or financial Institutions, in that case a Mortgage
  • Deed is prepared in his name & kept by the Bank.

  Legal  Implications

  • Sec. 138 should be made for cheque Bouncing.

  Summons  should be served to the customers through local Police StationsTo the defaulter customers. 

  • Sec.156 should be implemented through court for Possessions of the vehicles through court.
  • Sec.9 should be implemented for attachment of the Property through court.
  • 406 should be implemented for breach of trust.
  • Sec.420 should be implemented for cheating /fraud.

  So Proper receivables Management should be effective with the help of

  Legal  Deptt.

  • Aging Analysis:- This report is based on customers due on Number of days

  i.e. >30 days, >60 days, >90 days & above. With that report ,Collection Executives should visit to the customers for recovery of outstanding.

  • Follow-up Report:- With this report, Agency has to follow-up with the customers for recovery . Telecalling should be made to the defaulter Customers on the basis of this reports.
  • Agency Management:- Each & every Banks and financial institutions has to recruit Agencies with proper manpower on the basis of number of cases allotted to each Agency. So, Proper Agency Management by the Collections Manager is the good step for Receivables Management.
  • Review:- It has to be taken from each Agency on case to case basis by the Recovery Executive or by the Collections head by the Bank. Agencies performance can be judged on the basis of Review. Renewal of Agencies Can be made on  the basis of this or Agency can be terminated for nor-performance.
  • Debtors Planning & Actions Taken:- Mapping of debtors is the first step for debtors Planning. Field Credit Investigation should be made on strong basis. Recruitment of good Agencies. Plan of Actions should be taken for the month for effective Receivabels Management which are mentioned below:-
  • Collection Target should be set for each month for a particular regions or Branches & it should be achieved, no shortfall is accepted.
  • Repossessions of Assets should be mandatory.
  • Disposal of Re-possessions of seized assets with in the time frame.
  • Effective Telecalling systems should be implemented.
  • Branch performance review should be conducted on monthly basis for

  Effective  Receivables Management.

  6) Frequent Field Visit should be necessary for chronic defaulters by the topofficials of the Bank or financial institutions.Recovery Channels like Post Office, sub-dealers/Dealers appointing as collection agent.

• Conclusions:- A sale is not completed until & unless the money is recovered or collected  from the customers i.e. Receivables Management for Financial institutions/Non-banking Financial institutions/Banks /Telecom Industries.
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Balance sheet is a summary of balances which showed Liabilities side as well as Asset side. I discovered a formulae at my Own level to make it meaningful & memorise the same for Mba’s/CA’s/CMA’s & also Under Graduates commerce level.

On liability Side :  S   R    Sen   Under    Control    OF      Police

On Asset  Side   :   Five  Indian  Cultivators   Looking   A   Melody

Each Alphabet first letter denotes the Heading of Balance sheet of both Assets & Liabilities which is mentioned below :

On Liabilities side :

S–Stands for—-Share  Capital–Equity Shares-Authorised,Subscribed,Issued & paid up, Preference shares will come under this Head.

R–Stands for—-Reserves & Surplus—General Reserves,P&L Cr. balance,Share premium,Capital Reserves etc will come under this Head.

Sen—Stands for ——–Secured Loans—-Loans against mortgage of Fixed Assets.

Under—  –Stands  for ————-Unsecured Loans—–6% debentures

Control—Stands for——Current Liabilities—Sundry Creditors,Bills payable,Outstanding Expenses etc.

of

Police ——Stands  for ——Provisions  for Taxations,Proposed Divident, Provision of Taxations etc.

On the Assets  Side :

Five—-F  stands for—-Fixed Assets—Land & Building,Plant & machineries,Car,Patents & copywrights,Furniture & fixtures,Goodwill etc

Indian—I  stands for—–Investments- Purchase of Nationals savings  certificate, Purchase of IDBI Bonds etc.

Cultivators—C stands for—-Current Assets———-Sundry Debtors,Bills Receivables,Inventory,Cash in hand, Cash at Bank etc

Looking  ——L  Stands for—Loans & Advances——Stafff Salary Advance, Advance Rent, Loans given to Outsiders etc.

A——stands for—-All Advances

Melody—M Stands for —-Miscellaneous Expenditure——Premilinary Expenditures. Discount on Issue of Shares,Advertising Suspense  etc.

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Logistics & Supply Chain Management-Kooheji & Sons (2)

pl find enlcosed Ms word attachment for past exam paper solutions of  a Foreign Universities in UK.Time Series Analysis Using R

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r project

Introduction: This project contain exploratory data analysis using r and Ggobi sofrware. r software is more powerful tools for analysis the data. Using this we can analyze all kind of descriptive and statistical inference. Addition to this also we can use model like regression analysis.

In this we used employee data for analyzing the salary of associates. The salary of associates depends on so many factors. In this data we included variables are education(in years), salary begin, Previous experience (in years), Job time, minority.

The statistical tools used,

1. Mean, median, Mode

2. cross tab analysis

3. Scatter plots

4. Correlation Analysis

5.  Regression Analysis.

The below is the list of r option we used

#To read the text file into R console we used read.table option.

Emp=read.table(“D:/CARS/Project-cars/Ranadeeb/emp.txt”,header=TRUE)

# Attach the tables imported we need to use attach option.

#Once we attach option used, then we can give Individual variable name for analysis

#and plotting the graph.

attach(Emp)

#To find the column names we need to use the colnames() option. This will display

the column names of the attached file.

colnames(Emp)

#The variables prsent in the emp data are

#1. Educ ( this is the number of years of education)

#2. jobcat ( this will measure the category of job they are doing. 1 reprsent

#trainee. 2 will reprsent Team Members. 3rd will reprsent Manaager Level.

#3. Salary

#4.Salbegin (this salary when started job first time)

#5.Jobtime

#6. Prevexp (It is the experience of the candiates)

#7. Minority (0 means no and 1 means yes)

#The summary will give the overall descrptive statistics for all quantitative data.

#The descrptive statistics are given below.

#1. Minimum Value: This will give the minimum valve for the given data.

#2.1st Qu: the first quarter the 25th percentile data.

#3.Median:It is the middle value of the data set when data is arranged in either

#in ascending or descending order.

#4. Mean: It is the sum of the observation divided by total number of observation.

#5. 3rd Qu: this will give the 75% of the data.

#6. Max: It will give the maximum valuve of data set.

summary(Emp)

summary(salary)

# To get the cross tabulation we can use table option. this will give the cross tabunlation of jobcategory versus minority.

table(jobcat,minority)

# To plot the scatter plot we can use the command plot(x1,x2).

plot(salary,salbegin)

# there is a postive correlation between salary and salarybegin.

# AS salarybegin is high then salary of current also be high.

plot(educ,salary)

#when we plot the correlation between educ and salary, there is a posstive correlation

#between these two variable.

plot (educ,salbegin)

# there is a postive correlation between education and salary of begin.

#To combinaly see the all the correaltion  using scater plot, then we can use pair option.

pairs(Emp)

#to calculate the correlation between all variable then we can use cor option.

#the correlation is the degree of association between two variable.

# The correlation is classfied into three types.

#1. Posstive correlation (Where correlation is close to one)

#2. Negative correlation (where correlation is close to – one)

#3. Zero correlation ( where correlation is close to zero)

cor(Emp)

#As the name suggests, in simple terms correlation is the relationship between 2 variables.

#Correlation is defined as the “degree of strength of association between 2 variables”.

# Here 2 variables, does not mean 2 values in the same variable, but two different variables.

# Correlation explains the degree of the relation the 2 variables share among themselves, but does not explain the cause and effect of each other.

#Usually, correlation is required to be found between at least one dependent variable and another independent variable

#and its relation or association on the dependent variable.

#The researcher looks at things that already exist and determines if and in what way those things are related to each other.

#The purpose of doing correlations is to allow us to make a prediction about one variable based on what we know about another variable.

#Correlation co-efficient is denoted by small r . Always co-efficient of correlation value r ranges between -1 and +1.

# To find out the correlation, we usually do a scatter plot of both x values (independent variable) and the y values (dependent variable).

#A correlation tells us that the two variables are related, but we cannot say anything about whether one caused the other.

#This method does not allow us to come to any conclusions about cause and effect. Correlation is not Causation!

#regression Analysis

#Regression is said to be said an extension of Correlation.

#Regression is the “Functional relationship between dependent and independent variables”.

#Regression gives you the cause & effect relationship of the variables which is left incomplete by Correlation.

#We regress the pattern of the future occurrence of the variables based on the actual prior values.

#Regression forms a basis for future estimating & Forecasting while taking into account #the cause & effect of the relationship of the variables.

#Definition:-  Regression analysis is the process of constructing a mathematical #/statistical model or function that can be used to predict or determine one variable by #other variables.

#Regression involves two or more variables in which one variable is predicted (called the dependent variable) and designated as Y,

# The variable/s which help the prediction are called Independent variables  or #Explanatory variables and are designated as x1   x2   x3  …. xn.

#The values of x variables will be known or have actually happened, based on which we will be predicting the Y variable.

#Here, only a straight line relationship between the dependent and independent  variables is assumed.

# regression analysis was carried out for employee data

# dependent variable is salary and Indpendent variable is salary_begin, Education, #Previous_Experience.

lm(salary~educ+salbegin+prevexp)

#The above model used to run the linear regression of salary as the dependent variable #and education, salary begin and previous experiance was considered as a indpendent variable. The model shows that,

#salary=-3.661.51+735.956*educ+1.1749*salbegin-16.730*prevexp

This 9 Step On-Page Search Engine Optimization Guide will help you optimize your website pages, so they will have the best chance to get found by your target market. The Guide outlines the most important factors to consider when optimizing each page on your site. These steps are listed based on importance, so don’t skip a step. Also, remember that creating new optimized content on a weekly basis is critical to achieving long-term success with SEO.
Step 1: Choose Keywords
Read the page’s content and identify two (2) keywords that are most relevant to the overall page content. Choose one (1) primary keyword relevant to the page’s content and one variation of that keyword (e.g. plural variation or two closely related keywords) per page. If you can’t identify one primary keyword for a page, you’ll need to create new website pages to separate the different content. If it’s not clear to you what page is about, then your visitors and the search engines won’t be able to understand the page either.
Step 2: Page Title
The page title appears as the blue, bolded, underlined text on a Google search results page, and also on the top left the browser bar. The page title should follow these guidelines:
 Be under 70 characters with no more than two long-tail keywords per page title
 The primary keyword should appear first
 Each keyword phrase should be separated by pipes (|)
 Each page title on your website should be unique
 Except for your homepage and contact us page, each page title should NOT include your business name
Step 3: Meta Description
The meta description appears on a Google search results page under the Page Title. The meta description helps people decide whether to click on your result, or a result above or below you. Think of it as a call to action. The meta description should follow these guidelines:
 Be under 150 characters (but not under 100 characters; take advantage of the space you have)
 Incorporate the primary keyword and at least one secondary keyword
 Provide a valuable, compelling reason for why someone should visit the page
 Include keywords in a conversational format; don’t just cram in keywords for the sake of listing them
Step 4: URL
The website page’s URL should include the primary keyword. Each word in the URL should be separated using dashes (-). e.g. www.examplesite.com/inbound-marketing-software
Step 5: Heading Tags
The page should have one H1 heading tag that incorporates the primary keyword, and should align with the page title and the URL or the page. This H1 tag should appear at the top of the page and should be the first thing people see when they arrive on a page.
Step 6: Page Content
Use your primary keyword a few times throughout the page’s content. Don’t overthink keyword density or placement, you should mention them naturally. Try to bold or underline the keyword at least once. This has an effect on how relevant the keyword is to the page. Also mention the secondary keywords when you can.
Step 7: Add a Call to Action
Every website page, including your blog, should have at least one call to action above the page’s fold (Don’t make your website visitor scroll down to see the call to action). Calls to action can help SEO by creating an internal link on your website to a specific landing page. Most calls to action are images; therefore you can optimize the image filename and alt text for the primary keyword you’re targeting on the page (see step 9).
Step 8: Internal Links
If you mention the primary keyword of this page on other pages within your site, then link to this page using the primary keyword as the anchor text. For example, you should link to a page about inbound marketing software using the anchor text “inbound marketing software.” To make sure this is completed, take a moment to create one (1) or two (2) links on related pages that link back to the page you’re optimizing.
Step 9: Images
Any images used on the page should be optimized so that search engines can “read” the image. Optimize the most prominent image on the page using the primary keyword, and then use the primary and secondary keywords for any other images. Images can be optimized in two ways:
 File name: Each word should be separated with dashes (-), e.g. inbound-marketing-software.jpg
 ALT text: The alt text should match the file name, without dashes, e.g. Inbound Marketing Software
If you are unable to change image file name or if it’s too time consuming, then only change the most prominent images’ alt text using the primary keyword.
Meta Keywords
They aren’t part of Google’s or Bing’s search algorithm, so I’m not including them as a step. However, still use your primary and secondary keyword in the page’s meta keywords. Smaller search engines still might use them in their algorithm, but major search engines do not use them. HubSpot does not recommend you optimize your meta keywords.
Repeat these 9 steps for each of your website pages.

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Solution_Unit_4_Balanced_score_card