Strategic human resource management is related to the development of human resources strategies in synchronization with the mission, vision and objectives of an organization in a way such that the organization’s goals are accomplished. An organization should have the ability to frame such human resource strategies which will enhance the overall productivity of the organization (Durai 2010).

The strategic human resource management in Tesco has been like the backbone of the company in achieving success at the time of diversification into different sectors for business activities.  The organization through its strategic HRM has been able to develop its business embedded with technical expertise, integrity and customer oriented globally (MacLachlan 2009). For developing a vibrant strategic linkage of human resource with its corporate strategy the company had designed a transformational coaching programme for the growth and capability development of its mangers followed by an effective feedback procedure. The programme aimed at communicating business priorities of the organization to its personnel and building effective leaders as its competitive advantage (Churchard 2010).  In order to augment the customer value the organization invests highly on recruitment, employee’s training and infrastructures (TESCO 2012). Tesco maintains a healthy relation with its union partner and believes in employee’s participative decision making process for the accomplishment of organizational goals (Wilton 2010).

With a change in organizational culture Dell has been able to build a strong position in the market. The company shifted its focus from just attaining growth to talent management, leadership building and framed global vision (Scott 2006). Dell strives for building a competitive strategy for becoming a low cost player in the market. To have an alignment with its business strategy the company renders its human resource services with the help of technology that is through web. Through the company’s intranet its HR team have been able to carry out various HR activities with the help of  a variety of web applications such as hiring applications or tools, management reports, automatic employee reference system, updating of employee’s information to cite a few.  This has helped the organization to increase the performance of its employees in many ways such as development in productivity, self-service, outsourcing as well as self-service. Along with these the company has been also able to reduce its cost of carrying out human resource operations as less manpower is required in performing automated activities and it is less time consuming as well (Gary & Varkkey 2010).

          Assess the purpose of strategic human resource management activities in an organization (Siemens case study)

The key purpose of developing a strategic human resource management is to have an alignment between the human resource strategies and organization’s business strategies. Such integration will help an organization in attaining sustainable competitive advantage. Integration in human resource signifies an alignment between the human resource policies and the policies of other business operations in an organization such as finance, informational technology, marketing, production to cite a few (Vedd 2003). However, the purpose of designing a strategic human resource management is not only having an integration between HR and corporate strategy rather the aim is also to have an integration between decisions regarding the organization’s personnel with the expected output of the organization. An organization need to align human resource management with the corporate planning system, focus on the human resource activities that will help in the accomplishment of organizational goals and should undertake actions that will help in building strong personnel-management relationships (Dhar 2008).

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Explain the link between strategic management and leadership

Strategic management is defined as decisions taken by the managers in framing strategies in a way so as to augment organization’s performance and achieve competitive advantage (Thompson & Martin 2010). Strategic leadership is referred as potentiality of a manager to utilize strategies and attain mission and vision of an organization as well as to guide and motivate other members of the organization to achieve organization’s objectives (Hill & Jones 2012).

Both leaders and managers act in the organization to achieve the common goal of the organization. Where managers are concerned about shaping strategic ideas and plans to achieve organizational goals leaders are concerned about undertaking strategic actions to attain the goal. The linkage between strategic management and leadership can be well described using the Drotter pipeline model which identifies six key passages through which a leader grows and is also helpful for the management to develop leaders in the organization (Charan et al. 2010).

As per the pipeline model in case of first passage that is transition of a leader from managing self to managing others, organization need to ensure that the leader understands what is the organization’s expectations. At this passage a leader need to develop effective communication skill, able to handle conflicts, delegate work properly and should seek 360 degree feedback for own improvement. In case of transition from managing others to managing managers, a leader should inhibit the role of a coach and mentor. Leader should be able to create a competent team and use organization resources effectively. In case of third passage from managing mangers to functional manager, a leader need to think and act strategically and should be aware of the recent trends. In the fourth transition from functional manger to business manager, a leader needs to have a shift in values and perceptions so as to handle the entire business functions. During the fifth passage, from business manager to group manager, a leader need to have the capability to broader long term goals of an organization and undertake strategic decisions. In the sixth transition from group manager to enterprise manager that is the CEO need to be responsible for building leadership, implementing various decision making methods to cite a few (Charan et al. 2010).

Siemens needs to apply the Drotter pipeline model to overcome the leadership issues in the organization such as the case of bribery (News 2012). Moreover, organization needs to improve the link between management and leader since employees are reluctant to report to the management in case of any operational issues (The Economists, 2014).

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Concept of Resistance to change

Resistance to change in simple words can be defined as opposition exerted for not accepting a proposed alteration in existing set up (Lewis, 2011). Resistance towards change is mainly triggered among individuals because of two reasons. One is the fear of unknown that change will bring in and secondly the anticipations of effects that might alter the comfort level of individual in their present circumstance under changed environment (Heinrich, 2004). Resistance to change in organization occurs primarily in circumstances when particular set of organizational stakeholders are not in favor of a change that is to be initiated. They in such a scenario depict apathetic approach by not accepting and espousing change. Resistance to change in organizations is generally not accepted and considered to be negative phenomenon (Lewis, 2011). But on the other hand this resistance provides for a scope to organizations to review change strategy and make modifications based on stakeholder criticisms and thus implement an improvised strategy (Ford & Ford, 2010).

Change is a natural phenomenon and bound to occur but human acceptance towards change in generally low due to which it is resisted. Change in organizations in undertaken as an approach to deal with external environmental factor which generally results in higher efficiency and effectiveness of employees (Phillips & Gully, 2013). But on the other hand, this change can be stressful and have other negative consequences thus affecting employee productivity and motivation adversely  (Phillips & Gully, 2013).

Resistance to change and Fiume ceramic

When changes were initiated in Fiume Ceramic by Leveoak after its takeover the same were resisted by existing employees of Fiume. The reasons to resistance can be categorized under 3 heads as explained below:

Job Considerations: The existing ceramic designers and creative specialists were trained in traditional pottery and thus lacked skills in dealing with modernized approach which was prevalent in USA. The inability and fear of not acquiring right skills for using new technology was their major consideration.

Personal Considerations: Ceramic designers and creative specialists were very closely knit with the heritage and tradition of Florence of which they were very proud of. When the change was initiated it was difficult for them to compromise with such rapid changing culture that hampered their personal beliefs in their traditions.

Social Factor Considerations: The thought of shifting to a new land that is USA which required settling in different culture was a major social factor that resulted in employee resignation. This required employees to move out of their comfort zone and start afresh. 

Evaluation of Change management process adopted by Fiume ceramica

The change process adopted by Leveoak in Fiume Ceramic was sudden and executed in an unplanned manner which resulted in such massive discontentment among employees. Leveoak overtook Fiume as a part of its expansion strategy when the company suffered financially in 2014. This was a sudden opportunity that was materialized by Leveoak. The main aim of Leveoak after takeover was to bring about a complete change in organizational culture which had been ruling Fiume Ceramic for more than 115 years. In order to do so, Leveoak implemented a series of changes for ensuring that the loss making organization converted itself into a profitable one in quick span of time. In pursuit of the same Leveoak put into operation cost cutting mechanisms like sourcing resources from China and shifting manufacturing to USA which resulted in employee resentment.

The employees prior to the takeover of Fiume Ceramic by Leveoak experienced very little change and thus over the time developed a very rigid attitude against changes. This change was executed as an immediate reaction to prevailing conditions in Fiume without undergoing much research. The employees within Fiume were more of inert recipient of change strategy rather than being an active contributor in the same. As employees were not sure about the outcomes of change they resented the same. Further they developed a feeling of losing their organizational rich old heritage which added to their fears. Overall the change process adopted by Fiume was very aggressive and not planned which resulted in a chaotic condition within the organization.

Suggested Alternative Change Management Strategy

As an alternate change management strategy, Leveoak should resort to planned and deliberate strategy (Hill & Jones, 2011). The main purpose of such strategy is to pursue change as a part of organizational long term strategic approach rather than a sudden one.

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Strategic Analysis: Internal & External

SWOT Analysis:

Strengths: Brand image is a key strength of Starbucks. It has successfully created awareness for the specialty coffee category while maintaining superior brand recognition even without heavy advertising.

Another strength lies in its strong market position and global recognition. Starbucks has a significant presence across the globe and has operations in over 60 countries. Starbucks is also the most recognized brand in the coffeehouse segment and is ranked 91st in the best global brands of 2013 (Interbrand, 2013). This helps the company to gain significant competitive advantage in expanding internationally and gain higher growth domestically and internationally. Over the years, they have achieved commendable economies of scale with superior distribution channels and supplier relationships.

Moreover, they give prime importance to the product quality in spite of a higher production output (Starbucks, 2013). Store location is another strength. They target premium, high-traffic, high-visibility locations near a variety of settings, including downtown and suburban retail centers, office buildings, university campuses, and in select rural and off-highway locations across the world (Starbucks, 2013). The main aim for the firm is to make their stores a ‘third place’ besides home and work (Starbucks Website, 2014).

Starbucks has great employees. They enjoy benefits like stock option, retirement accounts and a healthy culture. It was rated 91st in the 100 best places to work for by Fortune Magazine (CNN, 2013).  Social responsibility initiatives by Starbucks create great goodwill. They build goodwill among communities where they operate (Starbucks, 2014). Starbucks has a diverse product portfolio that caters to all age groups (Globaldata, 2013). Starbucks uses technology effectively. They make significant investments in technology to support their growth every year (WSJ Blog, 2013).

Weaknesses: While Starbucks differentiates its products with high quality and a Starbucks experience, the premium prices could prove as its weakness in developing countries. Moreover, their aim to expand rapidly might make them lose their uniqueness due to overcrowding and saturation. Another weakness is that 75% of its profits are based off its coffee products and other specialty beverages (Starbucks Corporation, 2010).

However, its weaknesses don’t outweigh its strengths, which is a positive thing.

Opportunities: There is an opportunity to expand into emerging & developing markets. India has recently joined the list with a joint venture entry (WSJ, 2013). They can leverage their size, experience, financial prowess and efficiencies to make new market share (Forbes, 2013). Moreover, there is an opportunity to expand their product mix. Starbucks has started to expand their product mix by venturing into the Tea and fresh juice product offerings with a smart acquisition strategy (Seeking Alpha, 2012).

Threats: Increasing competition from Dunkin Brands, McDonalds, Costa Coffee, Pete’s Coffee etc is a key threat. Another threat is price volatility of high quality coffee beans, which is not under Starbucks’ control.

Overall, Starbucks has more opportunities for business than threats.

Porter’s Five Forces: Porter’s Five Force Model allows for proper identification of the landscape of the industry (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2007).

Suppliers: Starbucks understands the importance of the health of the overall supplier ecosystem (Iansiti et al, 2004). Supplier relationships are treated as partnerships. Since the high quality coffee beans that Starbucks uses as inputs are scarce, the threat by suppliers is Moderate.

Customers: Since the product offerings and the brand are highly differentiated, Starbucks faces a very low threat of customers. 80% of Starbuck’s revenue comes from regular customers who visit an average of 18 times/month (Rae & Jeneanne, 2006). Moreover, Starbucks is able to drive consumer preferences and knows how to move a product upscale, thereby making the threat from customers Low.

Competitors: It is hard to define a basis for competition for Starbucks. Analysts identify Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds, Nestle and Caribou Coffee as Starbucks’ competitors (Hoovers, 2014).  The competitors are growing and expanding rapidly as well. Hence, the threat from competitors is moderate to high due to the increasing number of companies competing along undefined lines.

New Entrants: Entry barriers in this industry are not high enough to discourage competition. However, Starbucks has developed skills, competitive positioning, knowhow and consumer base which is very difficult for new entrants to create. Thus, the threat of new entrants is Low, but that doesn’t mean complacency for Starbucks.

Substitutes: On a product level, substitutes include tea, soft drinks, energy drinks, smoothies etc. Starbucks sells these in its stores as well, thereby eliminating the threat. On a venue level, the substitutes might be the experience that customer can have at other bars and cafes. Despite this, a person who wants that particular environment will always choose the coffee shop over other substitutes; therefore, the threat is low.

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The proposal made by the study is that before, there have been a few studies done surveying elements affecting e-learning result. Along these lines, the reason for this study was surveying mediating pretended by readiness elements within of e-learning outcomes. The intention was deciding availability elements capacities in connection between e-learning factors and e-learning outcomes. In the push to accomplish this goal, the preparation elements were separated into noteworthy classes, which incorporate specialized, social and authoritative.

Research Motivation

The inspiration of this examination was the truth e-learning evidently assumes a vital part in modern educating and learning. E-learning is a developing system used to prepare individuals while likewise supplementing traditional methods. As indicated by trends, this method of inclining spotlights on creation on a created society while supporting creativity and development. In addition, the new outlook changes education from one that is instructor based to learner based. Thusly, investigation of the topic is inescapable when one mulls over the fluctuating commitments made for purposes of founding a general public. In the educational division, it rises as a genuine marvel that has increased extreme prevalence in the public arena. Components that make his idea imperative and mainstream in modern society identify with various advantages which incorporate lessening of costs, backing of customary educating and in addition end of space and confinements on time progressed by traditional education techniques. Besides, the nature of education in distance learning frameworks depends incredibly on level/nature of electronic information sources and other pedantic materials as opposed to relying upon nature of instructors and capacity of sharing data. The rate of e-learning development is on the rise with the present number being 35.8 percent and studies show America causes $ 40 billion every year keeping in mind the end goal to encourage educations that are innovation based. Considering these elements, it is unthinkable accordingly to overlook the area of learning in light of effective changes and impacts it causes to the procedures of learning in present day society.

Past Literature and Studies Details

The study is an exhibition of different written works assessed in the past in the field of e-learning. This type of data is of extraordinary significance as it helps in deciding examination holes identified with restricted ranges or those not yet contemplated. As indicated by the study, larger part of specialists has examined two or three e-learning perspectives through utilization of various methodologies. Countless have unveiled e-learning suitability in help of education. Some studies make it less demanding to acknowledge novel techniques in change of e-learning results. A few analysts then again have done studies that exhibit regardless of advantages produced from the method of taking in; the procedures of e-learning still have shortcomings. An expansive rate of e-learning courses for case demonstrates high drop-out rates. All things considered, mulling various foundations of high learning are liable to embrace the learning framework, it is of extraordinary significance for experts and specialists to have a superior seeing how such shortcoming is taken care of in addition to preparation of associations to apply new frameworks of learning.

Also, the writing points of interest studies completed with respect to different e-readiness angles that empower organizations to proficiently apply e-learning. As per the study, e-readiness characterizes the capacity to proficiently, as well as adequately utilize electronic media in associations. The concentrate additionally shows suitable methods for seeing how shortcomings of this kind can get handled in model improvement of learning. Several analysts thusly give two or three models that can address how diverse components influence results of e-learning. Such studies, for instance delineate outline measurement comprehensive of innovation, learner control, human measurement and cooperation including understudies and instructors impact on e-learning adequacy.

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Generally In a passive infrastructures cellular companies like Bharti Airtel,Vodafole,Idea has got their Own passive infrastructures cell like Indus towers is a joint venture of Bharti,Vodafone & Idea.Similar Reliance cellular companies also has got their Own passive Infra division which is known as Reliance Inra. Each of this divisions have got  cirlces like Punjab circle, Delhi Cirlce,Haryana circle,ROB circle,west bengal circles,Up East Circle,UP West Circles,Maharashtra & Goa Circle etc on Pan India basis. Briefly described  below of each circle SCM Process headingwise. Below is the flow chart step by step.

Monthly Roll Out Plan  From User divisions like Deployment & Networking divisions : There shouldbe Monthly Roll out plan for New built projects & upgrade from Deployment divisions. Similar process for Operations & maintenance divisions.

                                                  I

                           Warehouse Stock Verification

                                                  I

                    Data for Material In Transit & Open PO

                                                  I

                  Assessment of Net Material requirement

                                                  I

Allocation of Requirement to Vendors as per SOB (Business Share)

PO Placement as per SOB–Each vendors/Suppliers will receive po for supply of  cellular equipments to the respective cirlces.

                                                                 I                       

                                          Approval from Hierarchy

                                                                 I

                                        Generation of PO Hard Copy

                                                                 I

                                 Forwarded to Vendor for Acceptance

                                                                 I

                                Availability of  Road Permit to Vendor

                                                                 I

                                           Despatch from Vendor

                                                                 I

                                   Recpt of Material at Warehouse

                                                                 I

                             Material Unloadind and Physical Checking

                                                                 I

                                               Preperation of MRR

Material Planning is most essential for each month. It is to be prepared by the SCM department along with co-ordination of Deployment & operations/Maintenance deptt. It should be prepared headingwise & columnwise like 1) Infra materials-AC(0.9TR),DG(15KVA/25KVA),Shelter(3.0X3.6),BB(400AH/600AH),SMPS 22KW, MW Rack 2200 mm,Aviation Lamp,Fire Extinguisher,PIU 25 kva etc.,Total requirement in units should be in 3 columns like Warehouse stock, Goods-in-Transit,Open PO. after this, total consuptions , then Quantity to be Ordered, & lastly share of Business vendorwise.

Untis requirements should be as per New built requirements,Share/Upgrade,Cabex each month each departmental heads give this requirements to SCM Departments for the preparation of Procurement Planning.

The above Flow Chart is the Circle SCM process of each circle under

passive infrastructure Cellular companies.

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Hiring a digital marketing agency to extend your brand’s reach online can be one of the best choices you make in year 2016 – gave you onboard the right agency.

What does that mean? It implies that, as with any relationship, this one needs to set up full certainty and trust for a fruitful result.

With such a large number of alternatives out there, below are a few imperative contemplations before you begin the search.

1. 1.        Have plainly recognized objectives set up.

No one comprehends your business and your client’s superior to anything you. Along these lines, have particular objectives recognized preceding your quest for a digital marketing agency.

Basically saying, “I need to hire you to improve my business” won’t cut it. Of course, there are offices that will go up against you without a clear objective or plan, yet I can guarantee you that that never works out not surprisingly.

Rather, knowing precisely what you need to perform will offer the office some assistance with mapping out an achievable solution to achieve your objectives.

Would you like to drive online deals? It is safe to say that you are hoping to expand your social media audience, so you have an extensive hostage taking after to market to all the time? Would you like to run a marking effort to make your brand an easily recognized name?

You have to realize what you need to fulfil early. Any organization willing to go up against you when you can’t indicate your objective is after your money and could think less about your brand’s prosperity.

1. 2.        Ensure the digital marketing agency sees how to quantify ROI and general campaign achievement.

Your agency needs to have a firm handle on your numbers – if its staff members don’t know down to the penny the amount it expenses to produce each lead and deal, your campaign will be a disappointment. In particular:

What amount is it costing to create a lead from every traffic source?

What traffic sources are creating the most minimal conversion cost?

What homepages are changing over at the most elevated rate?

These are only a couple of the inquiries your agency ought to have the capacity to reply at any given time.

You have to likewise comprehend which measurements are totally good for nothing. In the event that an agency is boasting in light of the fact that a bit of content got 1000,000 impressions however can’t let you know what sort of return that meant, what great is that?

A half-million solutions of eyes on content branded with your agency name sounds awesome, however in the event that it doesn’t decipher into income, it’s a totally pointless metric.

I would recommend working with an office that is focused around the one metric that really matters: ROI.

Recall that, you are hiring a digital marketing agency to handle your online development since that is its claim to fame – you aren’t hiring these individuals to just let you know what you need to listen. Accomplice with an organization that you trust and feel 100 percent happy with working with, in light of the fact that this is a long term relationship.

I address every one of our customers by and by before we onboard them, particularly to examine our long term relationship approach.

You ought to do likewise: Trust that your digital marketing agency has your brand’s best concentration in mind.

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